EE 306 Program 5 (Coding Sequence of mRNA)

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Objective
The purpose of this assignment is to program keyboard interrupts in LC-3 assembly language. The
application detects the coding sequence (CDS) of a messenger RNA.
Starter Code
You can find the starter code on Canvas.
Details
This assignment will be written in two parts:
● the main program (Main.asm)
● the interrupt service routine (ISR.asm)
Background
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to
the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
The mRNA genetic information is in the form of a sequence of nucleotides which are arranged into
codons consisting of 3 bases each. Valid bases that make up codons are A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), G
(Guanine), and U (Uracil). As the picture shows, the “coding sequence” of an mRNA starts with START
codon and ends with a STOP codon. A START codon is always an AUG sequence, and the STOP codon can
be one of three possible sequences, UAG, UAA, or UGA.
Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)
In this assignment, we will use the keyboard as the input device for interrupting the main program. This
ISR will start at x2600. The ISR simply reads the character typed and accepts only the symbols ‘A’, ‘C’,
‘G’, or ‘U’. Any other symbol will be ignored. Once it detects a valid symbol, it places it at location x3600.
The main program will constantly check this location to see if there is a valid input character there and
writes a 0 when it processes it. Processing a valid character follows a simple algorithm which can be
described by the above incomplete finite state machine (FSM). It is incomplete in that, it does not
account for all inputs in all states but only presents some of the relevant inputs. You are welcome to
solve the problem without the FSM as long as you implement the expected functionality.
Main Program
The Main program will start at x3000 and will write to the screen the character it reads from x3600,
making sure it does this only once for each input entered. Also, it checks to see if a START codon (AUG) is
detected. If so, it prints the pipe symbol ‘|’. After this point, it looks for a STOP codon (UAG, UAA, or
UGA) so the program can terminate. (Note that for this program, the coding sequence itself does not
need to be aligned in groups of 3 bases per codon. This is unlike real mRNA.)
VERY IMPORTANT: You are not allowed to use any TRAP instructions in your interrupt service routine.
To read a character that the user entered, you may not call TRAP x20 (GETC) or TRAP x23 (IN), or use
any of the other TRAP routines. If you use TRAP in the interrupt service, your program is not correct and
will fail our testing even though it may appear to work when you test it. You are free to use TRAPs in the
main program.
Hint: Do not forget to save and restore any registers that you use in the interrupt service routine.
The user program must be named Main.asm and will be of the form:
.ORIG x3000
— — ; initialize the stack pointer (needed on the old simulator)

— —
— — ; set up the keyboard interrupt vector table entry

— —
— — ; enable keyboard interrupts

— —
— — ; start of actual program

— —
.END
The interrupt service routine must be named ISR.asm and will be of the form:
.ORIG x2600
— — ; the code

— —
RTI
— —

— —
.END
Here is a screenshot as an example of how the console should look when you run the program. The first
and the last three cases show an empty coding sequence. Also, note that the user could have typed
other invalid characters (including lowercase ‘a’, ‘c’, ‘g’, and ‘u’) which are ignored by the ISR and
therefore not displayed by the main.
Submission Instructions
● You will work as a team of two to do the programming assignment but each of you will make an
individual submission (can be the same). You are permitted to get help from ONLY the TAs and
the instructor.
● The 3 files you submit should be :
○ 2 LC-3 assembly language files named Main.asm and ISR.asm. A starter version of these
files are provided for you.
○ A screenshot of your LC3 Console showing the exact sequence of runs as shown above.
● Once you finish your program 5 solution, upload your solution as a single zip file with the 3 files
in it, on Canvas.