Description
Objective
To become proficient in designing more complex combinational circuits in Verilog.
1 Preparation
1. Read this document in its entirety.
2. Draw a circuit showing how you might build a 4⇥1 mux from 2⇥1 muxes.
3. Read Example 2.23 in the main textbook on pages 72–73 and prepare the truth table for a 4-bit
binary number to hexadecimal 7-segment display. That is, in addition to 0-9, the display also
shows A, b, C, d, E, and F.
4. Read the 2-page reference manual (attached to the end of this document) to better understand the
seven-segment display connections.
2 Multiplexer Design
2.1 Building a 4⇥1 Mux
Inside your ECE2700 directory, create a new folder called Lab3. Start up Xilinx and create a new project
called MuxExp inside the Lab3 directory.
Create a new file called mux4x1.v. Inside, design a 4⇥1 mux using the provided 2⇥1 mux (mux2x1.v on
Canvas).
Be sure to declare your 4⇥1 mux as follows: module mux4x1(I3, I2, I1, I0, S1, S0, D), where I3,
I2, I1, and I0 are data inputs, S1 and S0 are control inputs, and D is the output. Make sure to design
your mux such that when S0 = 0, S1 = 0, D = I0, and when S0 = 1, S1 = 1, D = I3.
Test your design using the bench file mux4test.v from Canvas. Show your results to the TA.
2.2 Using the Muxes
Create a new file called shifter.v. You are to design a simple shifter using the 4⇥1 mux(es) you
designed in earlier. The shifter has four 1-bit data inputs (i3, i2, i1, i0), two 1-bit control inputs
(s1, s0), and four 1-bit data outputs (d3, d2, d1, d0). The following table describes the desired behaviors
of the shifter. Be sure to declare your shifter as follows: module shifter(i3, i2, i1, i0, s1, s0,
d3, d2, d1, d0). Observe that i3 is the leftmost bit in the input.
s1 s0 Behavior Description Example
0 0 Hold Output is the same as input. Input: 1010, Output: 1010
0 1 Shift left Output is the input shifted left by one bit. Input: 0101, Output: 1010
The least significant bit is shifted in with a 0. Input: 1111, Output: 1110
1 0 Shift right Output is the input shifted right by one bit. Input: 0101, Output: 0010
The most significant bit is shifted in with a 0. Input: 1111, Output: 0111
1 1 Rotate Right Output is the input rotated right by one bit. Input: 1011, Output: 1101
1
Hint: Remember that a mux is simply a circuit that selects the output from one of the inputs. Think
about what the data and control inputs need to be for the shifter to work correctly.
Test your design using the bench file testshifter.v from Canvas. Show your results to the TA.
3 Decoder Design
3.1 Simple 7-Segment Display
For this part of the lab you will write code for the 7-segment display and load it onto the Basys board.
Create a new project called SevenSeg. Add a new source file seg7.v and write out your binary number
to hexadecimal 7-segment display using the following declaration: seg7(w, x, y, z, a, b, c, d, e,
f, g), where w, x, y, and z are the 4-bit binary input and a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are the outputs. (If you
are unsure what to do, remember that you have prepared a truth table. From the truth table, you can
convert to Boolean equations and write them directly in Verilog.) Run simulations to make sure your
design is correct.
Locate SW0, SW1, SW2, and SW3 on the Basys board. These switches will represent the 4-bit binary number
input. As mentioned earlier, the output (corresponding hex value) will be displayed on the 7-segment
display. From reading the reference manual and looking inside MainBasys.ucf, you will see that although
the 7-segment display contains 4 digits, there are only 7 pin assignments for the 7-segment LEDs, not
28.
NET “seg<0>” LOC = “p25”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CA
NET “seg<1>” LOC = “p16”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CB
NET “seg<2>” LOC = “p23”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CC
NET “seg<3>” LOC = “p21”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CD
NET “seg<4>” LOC = “p20”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CE
NET “seg<5>” LOC = “p17”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = CF
NET “seg<6>” LOC = “p83”; # Bank = 1, Signal name = CG
This is to reduce the number of pins on the board. You can determine which of the 4 digits (or all of
them) are displayed by sending appropriate signals to the following anodes.
NET “an<3>” LOC = “p26”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = AN3
NET “an<2>” LOC = “p32”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = AN2
NET “an<1>” LOC = “p33”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = AN1
NET “an<0>” LOC = “p34”; # Bank = 3, Signal name = AN0
Be Careful! The inputs for the 7-segment LEDs and the anodes are active low. In other words, to
display an 8 on the rightmost digit, you will set a, b, c, d, e, f, and g all to 0. In addition, you will set
the input corresponding to an<0> to 0 and set all the other inputs to the anodes to 1.
Add a new file called SevenSeg.v with the following declaration: SevenSeg(w, x, y, z, a, b, c, d,
e, f, g, n3, n2, n1, n0). Here, n0 corresponds to the signal sent to anode 0 (AN0). Write necessary
code so that only the rightmost digit lights up. Recall that you will need to add a .ucf file to indicate
pin assignments. Generate the corresponding bit file, test your design and show the results to the TA.
4 TA Checko↵
• (20 points) Pre-lab.
• (40 points) 4⇥1 mux design.
• (60 points) Shifter design.
• (80 points) 7-segment display.
2
Digilent PmodSSD™ Peripheral Module
Board Reference Manual
®
www.digilentinc.com
Revision: March 6, 2007 215 E Main Suite D | Pullman, WA 99163
(509) 334 6306 Voice and Fax
Doc: 502-126 page 1 of 2
Copyright Digilent, Inc. All rights reserved. Other product and company names mentioned may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Overview
The PmodSSD offers a single two-digit sevensegment display device (7sd) that can attach
directly to any Digilent system board. The 7sd
uses high-bright LEDs that can are easily
readable with less than 5mA of current, so they
can be driven directly from most system
boards.
Features include:
• two high bright seven-segment displays
• a 6-pin system connector
• small form factor (0.80” x 0.80”).
Functional Description
The two digits on the common cathode sevensegment LED display are each composed of
seven segments arranged in a “figure 8”
pattern, with an LED embedded in each
segment. Segment LEDs can be individually
illuminated, so any one of 128 patterns can be
displayed on a digit by illuminating certain LED
segments and leaving the others dark. Of
these 128 possible patterns, the ten
corresponding to the decimal digits are the
most useful.
The cathodes of the seven LEDs forming each
digit are tied together into one “common
cathode” circuit node, but the LED anodes
remain separate. The common cathode signals
are available as two “digit enable” input signals
to the display. The anodes of similar segments
on both digits are connected into seven circuit
nodes that are available from the Pmod
connector pins (so, for example, the two “D”
anode signals from the two digits are
connected to the P4 pin on J1). These seven
anode signals are available as inputs to the 2-
digit display. This signal connection scheme
creates a multiplexed display, where the anode
signals are common to both digits but they can
only illuminate the segments of the digit whose
corresponding cathode signal is asserted.
A scanning display controller circuit can be
used to show a two-digit number on the
display. This circuit drives the anode signals
and corresponding cathode patterns of each
Seven-Segment Display Connection Diagram
P1
P2
P3
P4
AA1
AB1
AC1
AD1
AE1
AF1
AG1
C1
AA2
AB2
AC2
AD2
AE2
AF2
AG2
C2
GND
Vcc
AE
AF
AG
C
GND
Vcc
560
AA
AB
AC
AD
P1
P2
P3
P4
GND
Vcc
PmodSSD Reference Manual Digilent, Inc.
www.digilentinc.com Copyright Digilent, Inc. Page 2
digit in a repeating, continuous succession, at
an update rate that is faster than the human
eye can respond. Each digit is illuminated onehalf of the time, but because the eye cannot
perceive the darkening of a digit before it is
illuminated again, the digit appears
continuously illuminated. If the update or
“refresh” rate is slowed to a given point
(around 45 hertz), then most people will begin
to see the display flicker.
In order for each of the four digits to appear
bright and continuously illuminated, both digits
should be driven once every 1 to 16ms (for a
refresh frequency of 1KHz to 60Hz). For
example, in a 60Hz refresh scheme, the entire
display would be refreshed once every 16ms,
and each digit would be illuminated for ½ of the
refresh cycle, or 8ms. The controller must
assure that the correct anode pattern is
present when the corresponding cathode
signal is driven. To illustrate the process, if
Cat1 is asserted while AB and AC are
asserted, then a “1” will be displayed in digit
position 1. Then, if Cat2 is asserted while AA,
AB and AC are asserted, then a “7” will be
displayed in digit position 2. If Cat1 and AB,
AC are driven for 8ms, and then Cat2 and AA,
AB, AC are driven for 8ms in an endless
succession, the display will show “17”. An
example timing diagram for a two-digit
controller is shown below.
An un-illuminated seven-segment display, and nine
illumination patterns corresponding to decimal digits
A F
E
D
C G
Individual anodes
Common cathode
Two-digit Seven
Segment Display
B
Cat1
Cat2
Anodes
Refresh period:
1ms to 16ms
Digit period:
Refresh / 2
Digit 0 Digit 0 Digit 1