Description
Introduction
This assignment allows you to become familiar with Visual Studio Community 2017. (Details on using
Visual Studio will be covered in Tutorial 1.) You will write a simple program on the topic of Stems-andBranches (干支; Cantonese romanization gon1-ji1).
Stems-and-Branches, a.k.a. sexagenary cycle, is a cycle of sixty terms used for indicating dates, years,
etc. in ancient China. Each term in the cycle consists of two Chinese characters: the first is called a
Heavenly Stem (天干; Cantonese romanization tin1-gon1) and the second is called an Earthly Branch
(地支; Cantonese romanization dei6-ji1). Heavenly Stem can have 10 possibilities, while Earthly
Branch can have 12 possibilities. Tables 1 and 2 show the characters for the 10 stems and 12 branches
respectively.
Table 1: The Ten Heavenly Stems
Stem
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Chinese
Character 甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 己 庚 辛 壬 癸
Cantonese
Romanization gaap3 yut3 bing2 ding1 mou6 gei2 gang1 san1 yam4 gwai3
Table 2: The Twelve Earthly Branches
Branch
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chinese
Character 子 丑 寅 卯 辰 巳 午 未 申 酉 戌 亥
Cantonese
Romanizatio
n
ji2 chau
2
yan
4
maau
5
san
4
ji6 ng
5
mei
6
san
1
yau
5
seut
1
hoi
6
The first term in the sexagenary cycle is called 甲子 which combines the first stem and the first branch.
The second term in the cycle is called 乙丑 which combines the second stem and the second branch.
This pattern continues as 甲子, 乙丑, 丙寅, 丁卯, 戊辰, 己巳, 庚午, 辛未, 壬申, 癸酉, 甲戌, 乙亥, 丙
子, 丁丑, …, until it concludes at the 60th term 癸亥. After that, the cycle begins again at 甲子. In this
assignment, for the convenience of those unfamiliar with Chinese characters, we use the notation “S𝑝-
B𝑞” to denote a term in the sexagenary cycle, where 𝑝 and 𝑞 are the stem number and branch number
respectively. For example, S8-B12 means 辛亥.
The sexagenary cycle can be used for indicating years. For example, year 2018 is called a 戊戌 year
(S5-B11). The next year 2019 is 己亥 (S6-B12), and so on. Similarly, the cycle can indicate dates. For
example, 31/8/2018 is called a 乙未 day (S2-B8). The next day 1/9/2018 is called a 丙申 day (S3-B9),
and so on. (Obviously, using this method of numbering years and dates is not unique, because the
cycle contains 60 terms only. But this method plays an important role in Chinese fortune telling.)
In this assignment, you will write a program to convert a Western date into sexagenary dates. The
conversion method is stated below.
Converting from Western Years to Cyclic Years
Given a Western year 𝑌, its stem number 𝑝𝑦 and branch number 𝑞𝑦 can be computed as follows:
𝑝𝑦 = (𝑌 − 3) mod 10 (However, if 𝑝𝑦 = 0, then set 𝑝𝑦 = 10 instead.)
𝑞𝑦 = (𝑌 − 3) mod 12 (However, if 𝑞𝑦 = 0, then set 𝑞𝑦 = 12 instead.)
Note that mod is the modulo operation. For example, 7 mod 3 = 1.
Example: year 2013
𝑝𝑦 = (2013 − 3) mod 10 = 2010 mod 10 = 0. As 𝑝𝑦 = 0, we set 𝑝𝑦 = 10 instead.
𝑞𝑦 = (2013 − 3) mod 12 = 2010 mod 12 = 6.
Thus, year 2013 is S10-B6 (癸巳).
Converting from Western Dates to Cyclic Dates
Given a Western date 𝐷/𝑀/𝑌, its stem number 𝑝𝑑 and branch number 𝑞𝑑 can be computed as follows:
𝑡 = {
𝑌 − 1, 𝑀 ≤ 2
𝑌, 𝑀 > 2
𝑟 = {
𝑀 + 12, 𝑀 ≤ 2
𝑀, 𝑀 > 2
𝐶 = ⌊
𝑡
100⌋
𝑎 = 𝑡 mod 100
𝑔 = 4𝐶 + ⌊
𝐶
4
⌋ + 5𝑎 + ⌊
𝑎
4
⌋ + ⌊
3(𝑟 + 1)
5
⌋ + 𝐷 − 3
𝑖 = {
6, 𝑟 is odd
0, 𝑟 is even
𝑧 = 8𝐶 + ⌊
𝐶
4
⌋ + 5𝑎 + ⌊
𝑎
4
⌋ + ⌊
3(𝑟 + 1)
5
⌋ + 𝐷 + 1 + 𝑖
𝑝𝑑 = 𝑔 mod 10 (However, if 𝑝𝑑 = 0, then set 𝑝𝑑 = 10 instead.)
𝑞𝑑 = 𝑧 mod 12 (However, if 𝑞𝑑 = 0, then set 𝑞𝑑 = 12 instead.)
Note that ⌊𝑥⌋ means the floor of 𝑥, that is, the largest integer not greater than 𝑥. For example, ⌊3.2⌋ =
⌊3.98⌋ = 3.
Example: date 4/9/2018
𝑡 = 2018
𝑟 = 9
𝐶 = ⌊
2018
100 ⌋ = 20
𝑎 = 2018 mod 100 = 18
𝑔 = 4 × 20 + ⌊
20
4
⌋ + 5 × 18 + ⌊
18
4
⌋ + ⌊
3 × (9 + 1)
5
⌋ + 4 − 3 = 186
𝑖 = 6
𝑧 = 8 × 20 + ⌊
20
4
⌋ + 5 × 18 + ⌊
18
4
⌋ + ⌊
3 × (9 + 1)
5
⌋ + 4 + 1 + 6 = 276
𝑝𝑑 = 186 mod 10 = 6
𝑞𝑑 = 276 mod 12 = 0 As 𝑞𝑑 = 0, we set 𝑞𝑑 = 12 instead.
Thus, 4/9/2018 is a S6-B12 day (己亥).
Program Specification
The program should obtain three integers as user input, which represents a date. You do not have to
validate the inputs. (That is, we assume that all inputs are always valid dates.) Then you apply the
above methods to compute the cyclic year and cyclic dates of the input, and print out the result.
Program Output
The following shows some sample output of the program. The blue text is user input and the other
text is the program output. You can try the provided sample program for other input. Your program
output should be exactly the same as the sample program (i.e., same text, same symbols, same letter
case, same number of spaces, etc.). Otherwise, it will be considered as wrong, even if you have
computed the correct result.
Enter a date (D M Y): 4 9 2018↵
Year: S5-B11
Month: 9
Day: S6-B12
Enter a date (D M Y): 14 2 2013↵
Year: S10-B6
Month: 2
Day: S8-B12
Enter a date (D M Y): 25 12 2046↵
Year: S3-B3
Month: 12
Day: S5-B7
Submission and Marking
Your program file name should be stembranch.cpp. Submit the file in Blackboard
(https://blackboard.cuhk.edu.hk/).
Insert your name, student ID, and e-mail as comments at the beginning of your source file.
You can submit your assignment multiple times. Only the latest submission counts.
Your program should be free of compilation errors and warnings.
Your program should include suitable comments as documentation.
Plagiarism is strictly monitored and heavily punished if proven. Lending your work to others is
subjected to the same penalty as the copier.