Description
Network Overview, Physical Layer, Basic Probability and Network Utilities
Network Overview
1. Your company has a large data store that needs to backed up to a new site every week. You have two choices:
a. Use your high-speed Internet connection and transfer all of the data over the Internet;
b. Copy your data to a number of portable hard disks, drive them over in your van, then read data from the
hard disks at the new site.
Your Internet connection is 200 Mbps. The one-way latency to the remote site is 10ms. The read/write speed of
your portable hard disks is 700 Mbps. Each disk can hold 2 TB. You can only copy to or read data from one disk
at a time. You need to drive 2 hours to the new site. You have 15 TB of data to backup every week. Compute and
compare the data rate for the two choices, from the moment you start moving the first byte, to the moment the
last byte is online at its new location. Which one is faster?
2. Consider two machines, A and B, connected by a 200 Mbps Ethernet with four store-and-forward relay switches
on the path between them. Suppose that no other machines are using the Ethernet, that each of the links between
the machines and switches, as well as between each adjacent switch, introduces a propagation delay of 5µs, and
that a switch begins transmitting a packet immediately after receiving the last bit of the packet.
a. What is the total transfer time for a 512B packet, as measured from transmission of the first bit at A to
receipt of the last bit at B?
b. What is the effective bandwidth for transmission of a large file from A to B, assuming that packets of
size 512B are used and that packet headers use 100B of the 512B? Assume that the nodes can send
constantly, and in particular that the switches can simultaneously receive a packet from one side while
transmitting a previous packet out the other side, and that A is not slowed down waiting for
acknowledgements.
c. What is the effective bandwidth if, after each transmission of a 512B packet, node A must wait for an
100-byte acknowledgement from B?
3. Suppose users share a 100 Gbps link. Also suppose each user requires 700 Mbps when transmitting, but each user
only transmits 8 percent of the time. Whether a user is transmitting or not is an independent random variable with
uniform distribution.
a. When circuit switching is used, how many users can be supported?
b. For the remainder of this problem, suppose packet switching is used. Suppose there are 1500 users. First,
find an equation for the probability that at any given time, n users are transmitting simultaneously. (You
only need to set up the equations)
c. What is the probability that the link will get overloaded?
4. For each of the following links, calculate the bandwidth x delay product in bits using one-way delay.
a. 15 Gbps Ethernet with a delay of 60 µs.
b. 450 Mbps wireless link, with a one-way delay of 0.15 µs.
c. 500 Mbps link through a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, 35,786 km high. The only delay is speed-oflight propagation delay.
5. Every year, an industrious CS student heads to Las Vegas to play in a poker tournament. There are seven rounds
in the tournament, and the student must win each round to advance to the next. The student wins (50*n) chips in
the nth round, if the student makes it that far, and has a 65% chance of winning each round they play.
Let m be the (statistical) mean number of chips earned by the student in a tournament, and let n be the mean
number of rounds played per tournament. Use cycle analysis to find:
a. What fraction of years does the student make it to the final round?
b. m
c. n
d. m/n. Note that this ratio is the student’s long-term rate of chips per round.
6. The Unix utility whois can be used to find the domain name corresponding to an organization, or vice versa.
The information is provided by a domain name registration service provider. This utility is commonly shipped
with linux, but it is not available on the ews machines. If you try it on your own linux machine with high
probability you will find it available. Read the online man page for whois and experiment with it. For example,
try whois twitter.com.
Now, do a whois query for the following domains:
microsoft.com
microsoot.com
illinois.edu
npr.org
chelseafc.com
For each, turn in the registar and the date in which this record was created and/or activated and the expiration
date, if present.
Note: These are all domains that belong to an organization, which takes care of managing the various subdomains
such as www.company.com or mail.company.com. But someone must have registered simply com, edu, net, gov,
and all the other root domains, first! Do some more digging if this topic finds you interested, and have fun!
