Description
Goal: This lab includes function and arguments passing. You will use Emacs, cin, cout,
two-dimensional array, vector, and nested for loops.
Please try your best to finish the lab in class, and submit it to CANVAS.
PART I: Getting started
In Lab1, we wrote a program that reads in two integers, uses these two integers to creates
a two dimensional array. In this lab, you will extend the program written in Lab1. The
new program should read in the matrix, and check whether there is word match at a given
position.
First, create a lab2 directory. Open a terminal, change directory to be lab2.
Second, copy Lab1.cpp to lab2 directory.
Rename the file inside lab2 directory to be Lab2.cpp.
In the Lab1 program, we created the following statement to create the two-dimensional
array
char arr[x][y];
It is convenient to create a multiple-dimensional array like the above. However, this type
of multi-dimensional array has limitations. One problem is that it is a bit difficult to pass
a multi-dimensional array as function parameter. In C++, a two-dimensional (also other
multi-dimensional) array is stored in row-major order, which means the data are stored
row-by-row. Given the array name and the coordinate values, C++ compiler uses the
following equation to calculate the address of element arr[i][j]
address of element (i, j) = base address of array
+ i*(number of elements in a row)*(size of an element)
+ j*(size of an element)
To calculate the address of arr[i][j], the compiler must know the width of the two
dimensional array. If we have a following code:
char arr[x][y];
bool search(char a[][]){
//…
}
// …
search(arr);
C++ compiler will report error because the code of function search() does not have the
width value. If we modify the above the above code to be:
char arr[x][y];
bool search(char a[][y]){
//…
}
// …
search(arr);
This code works under the situation where y value is known before the search() function
definition. If y is a variable and its value is unknown, this code does not work because
C++ compiler still does not know the real width of the array. There are different ways to
solve this problem, for example:
• Pass the width value as a parameter to the function. The code inside the function
does not use compiler to implicitly calculate the element address, instead the
function itself uses the address equation explicitly calculates the address of the
element. The performance of this method can be good, but it is a burden for the
programmer to write the code.
• Uses vector defined in C++. Vector internally maintains the size information.
User does not need to explicitly pass the size information to the function. In
today’s lab, we will practice vector.
Mathematically, vector is one-dimensional array. In C++, you can imagine that a vector
with size m is an m x 1 array. If each element of this vector is a vector with size n, then
the vector is an m x n array. Once the vector is defined, you can access the elements just
like the way you access array elements. The following sample code shows how to define
and access vector.
// …
#include
// …
vector< char > test;
test.resize(10);
for(int i = 0; i < test.size(); i++)
test[i] = ‘a’ ;
// …
If you need vector to implement two-dimensional array, you can do it like the following
code
// …
#include
// …
vector< vector
test.resize(10);
for(int i = 0; i < test.size(); i++)
test[i].resize(y);
test[3][5] = ‘c’;
// …
In case, you need to know the size of height, you can use test.size() to find out. Similarly,
test[0].size() returns the width of the matrix.
In this part, please use vector to replace the two-dimensional array you defined in Lab1
program.
PART II: Read values from command line
Just like JAVA, C++ has internal variables to record the values typed at command line.
C++ uses two parameters of main() function to record the values. Operating system
passes these values to the main function when the program is launched. The first
parameter of main() records the numbers of arguments of the command line. This value is
at least 1 because program name is counted into as well. The second parameter is a string
array, which contains all the arguments at the command line. The following code shows
how to print out each argument of the command line.
#include
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
for(int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
cout << argv[i] << endl;
}
If we type the command line
./a.out a b c
The result will be
./a.out
a
b
c
In this part, please add argc and argv to the main() function of your lab2 program.
PART III: Read values from command line, check it at the given position of the matrix
In this part, please define a function inside your Lab2 program, the function header is:
bool check (vector< vector
where the return type is boolean (true or false), matrix is the vector passed from caller,
word is a string, x and y are index values.
As you can see matrix is a two-dimensional vector. This function checks whether there is
a string matches word at position (x, y) of matrix. If there is a match, return true;
otherwise, return false.
For example, if you use 0505matrix in the lab, we have the following contents in
0505matrix.
5 5
u r a q o
f t c n j
k r h p r
e a v o t
z h g a h
If we type command
./a.out tcnj 1 1 < 0505matrix
It should print out true.
If the command is
./a.out tcnj 2 1 < 0505matrix
The output is false.
If the command is
./a.out cse 1 1 < 0505matrix
The output is false.
Hint:
1. You can use strlen(word) to get the length of the string.
2. When you compare word with the letters of the matrix, make sure you will not
read out of the bound of the matrix.
Wrap up
When you're done, jar three files to lab2.jar
jar –cvf lab2.jar Lab2.cpp a.out
Submit lab2.jar to Canvas.
Make sure you logout before you leave!
If you cannot finish lab in class, please save all your files. Next time you login the
computer in the lab, you can continue work on your files. Please save them before you
logout. If you work in a Linux lab, please save the file to your machine. However, if you
are working in the Mac lab, please save the file to a CLOUD. The Mac machine will
erase everything you saved once you logout.
