Description
A. SUM is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is any list of numbers then (SUM L)
returns the sum of the elements of L. [Thus (SUM ( )) returns 0.] Complete the following definition of a
function MY-SUM without making further calls of SUM and without calling MY-SUM recursively, in
such a way that if L is any nonempty list of numbers then (MY-SUM L) is equal to (SUM L).
(defun my-sum (L)
(let ((X (sum (cdr L))))
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*If you have difficulty with these problems, you are encouraged to see me during my office hours. Questions about these
problems that are e-mailed to me will not be answered until after the due date.
†This assumes you executed the /home/faculty/ykong/316setup command on venus before you did
Lisp Assignment 1 (in accordance with the instructions for Assignment 1).
LISP Assignment 4: Page 2 of 5
B. NEG-NUMS is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is any list of real numbers
then (NEG-NUMS L) returns a new list that consists of the negative elements of L. For example:
(NEG-NUMS ‘(–1 0 –8 2 0 8 –1 –8 2 8 4 –3 0) ) => (–1 –8 –1 –8 –3).
Complete the following definition of a function MY-NEG-NUMS without making further calls
of NEG-NUMS and without calling MY-NEG-NUMS recursively, in such a way that if L is
any nonempty list of numbers then (MY-NEG-NUMS L) is equal to (NEG-NUMS L).
(defun my-neg-nums (L)
(let ((X (neg-nums (cdr L))))
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There are two cases: (car L) may or may not be negative.
C. INC-LIST-2 is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is any list of numbers and
N is a number then (INC-LIST-2 L N) returns a list of the same length as L in which each element
is equal to (N + the corresponding element of L). For example, (INC-LIST-2 ( ) 5) => NIL (INC-LIST-2 ‘(3 2.1 1 7.9) 5) => (8 7.1 6 12.9)
Complete the following definition of a function MY-INC-LIST-2 without making further calls
of INC-LIST-2 and without calling MY-INC-LIST-2 recursively, in such a way that if L is
any nonempty list of numbers and N is any number then (MY-INC-LIST-2 L N) is equal to
(INC-LIST-2 L N). (defun my-inc-list-2 (L N)
(let ((X (inc-list-2 (cdr L) N)))
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D. INSERT is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if N is any real number and L is
any list of real numbers in ascending order then (INSERT N L) returns a list of numbers in
ascending order obtained by inserting N in an appropriate position in L. Examples: (INSERT 8 ( )) => (8) (INSERT 4 ‘(0 0 1 2 4)) => (0 0 1 2 4 4) (INSERT 4 ‘(0 0 1 3 3 7 8 8)) => (0 0 1 3 3 4 7 8 8)
Complete the following definition of a function MY-INSERT without making further calls
of INSERT and without calling MY-INSERT recursively, in such a way that if N is any real
number and L is any nonempty list of real numbers in ascending order then (MY-INSERT N L)
is equal to (INSERT N L). (defun my-insert (N L)
(let ((X (insert N (cdr L))))
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[There are two cases: N may or may not be ≤ (car L). In the former case you do not need to use X,
so if you move that case outside the LET the function will be more efficient.]
E. ISORT is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is any list of real numbers
then (ISORT L) is a list consisting of the elements of L in ascending order. Complete the
following definition of a function MY-ISORT without making further calls of ISORT and
without calling MY-ISORT recursively, in such a way that if L is any nonempty list of real
numbers then (MY-ISORT L) is equal to (ISORT L).
(defun my-isort (L)
(let ((X (isort (cdr L))))
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Hint: You should not have to call any function other than INSERT and CAR.
LISP Assignment 4: Page 3 of 5
IMPORTANT: If you have not yet done problems 15 – 20 of Lisp Assignment 2, do those six
problems before you work on the next two problems!
F. SPLIT-LIST is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is any list then
(SPLIT-LIST L) returns a list of two lists, in which the first list consists of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, …
elements of L, and the second list consists of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, … elements of L. Examples:
(SPLIT-LIST ( )) => (NIL NIL) (SPLIT-LIST ‘(A B C D 1 2 3 4 5)) => ((A C 1 3 5) (B D 2 4))
(SPLIT-LIST ‘(B C D 1 2 3 4 5)) => ((B D 2 4) (C 1 3 5)) (SPLIT-LIST ‘(A)) => ((A) NIL)
Complete the following definition of a function MY-SPLIT-LIST without making further calls of
SPLIT-LIST and without calling MY-SPLIT-LIST recursively, in such a way that if L is any
nonempty list then (MY-SPLIT-LIST L) is equal to (SPLIT-LIST L).
(defun my-split-list (L)
(let ((X (split-list (cdr L))))
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G. PARTITION is a function that is already defined on venus and euclid; if L is a list of real
numbers and P is a real number then (PARTITION L P) returns a list whose CAR is a list of the
elements of L that are strictly less than P, and whose CADR is a list of the other elements of L.
Each element of L must appear in the CAR or CADR of (PARTITION L P), and should appear
there just as many times as in L. Examples: (PARTITION ‘(7 5 3 2 1 5) 1) => (NIL (7 5 3 2 1 5))
(PARTITION ‘(4 0 5 3 1 2 4 1 4) 4) => ((0 3 1 2 1) (4 5 4 4)) (PARTITION ( ) 9) => (NIL NIL)
Complete the following definition of a function MY-PARTITION without making further calls
of PARTITION and without calling MY-PARTITION recursively, in such a way that if L is any
nonempty list of real numbers and P is a real number then (MY-PARTITION L P) is equal to
(PARTITION L P). (defun my-partition (L P)
(let ((X (partition (cdr L) P)))
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There are two cases: (car L) may or may not be less than P.
SECTION 2 (Main Problems)
Your solutions to the following problems will count a total of 2% towards your grade if the grade is
computed using rule A. Note that a working solution to each of problems 1 – 7 can be obtained
from a solution to the corresponding one of problems A – G by changing the name of the function
MY-FUNC to FUNC and adding appropriate base case code, without changing the LET block. [The
resulting definition of FUNC will be correct because it has the following property: In all non-base
cases where FUNC’s recursive call returns the correct result, FUNC returns the same result as
MY-FUNC. Assuming your definition of MY-FUNC is correct, this property implies FUNC returns
the correct result whenever FUNC’s recursive call returns the correct result, which in turn implies
FUNC never returns an incorrect result if your base case code is correct.] But if you solve a problem
this way then any cases that do not need to use the LET’s local variable should be moved out of the
LET, and the LET should be eliminated if the value of its local variable is never used more than once.
Note 1: On euclid and venus, when you LOAD a function definition for any of problems 1 – 7, your function will replace the
predefined function that has the same name (and Clisp will issue a WARNING that the predefined function has been
redefined). It follows, for example, that if your definition of SUM for problem 1 is wrong then, after you LOAD your
definition of SUM, your definition of MY-SUM for problem A may stop working even if that definition is correct
because MY-SUM calls SUM.
Note 2: You may use ENDP or NULL to test whether a list is empty. Recall that (ENDP L) returns the same result as (NULL L)
if the value of L is a list. (But evaluation of (ENDP L) produces an error if the value of L is an atom other than NIL.)
1. Define a recursive function SUM with the properties stated in problem A. Note that whereas NIL is
not a valid argument of MY-SUM, NIL is a valid argument of SUM.
LISP Assignment 4: Page 4 of 5
2. Define a recursive function NEG-NUMS with the properties stated in problem B. Note that NIL
is a valid argument of NEG-NUMS.
3. Define a recursive function INC-LIST-2 with the properties stated in problem C. Note that the first
argument of INC-LIST-2 may be NIL.
4. Define a recursive function INSERT with the properties stated in problem D. Note that the second
argument of INSERT may be NIL.
5. Define a recursive function ISORT with the properties stated in problem E. Hint: In your definition of
ISORT you should not have to call any function other than ISORT itself, INSERT, CAR, CDR, and
ENDP or NULL. (An IF or COND form is not considered to be a function call, and will be needed.)
6. Define a recursive function SPLIT-LIST with the properties stated in problem F.
7. Define a recursive function PARTITION with the properties stated in problem G.
8. Without using MEMBER, complete the following definition of a recursive function POS such
that if L is a list and E is an element of L then (POS E L) returns the position of the first
occurrence of E in L, but if L is a list and E is not an element of L then (POS E L) returns 0. (DEFUN POS (E L)
(COND ((ENDP L) … )
((EQUAL E (CAR L)) … )
(T (LET ((X (POS E (CDR L))))
…
))))
Examples: (POS 5 ‘(1 2 5 3 5 5 1 5)) => 3 (POS ‘A ‘(3 2 1)) => 0 (POS ‘(3 B) ‘(3 B)) => 0
(POS ‘(A B) ‘((K) (3 R C) A (A B) (K L L) (A B))) => 4 (POS ‘(3 B) ‘((3 B))) => 1
9. Define a recursive function SPLIT-NUMS such that if N is a non-negative integer then
(SPLIT-NUMS N) returns a list of two lists: The first of the two lists consists of the even
integers between 0 and N in descending order, and the other list consists of the odd integers
between 0 and N in descending order. Examples: (SPLIT-NUMS 0) => ((0) NIL)
(SPLIT-NUMS 7) => ((6 4 2 0) (7 5 3 1)) (SPLIT-NUMS 8) => ((8 6 4 2 0) (7 5 3 1))
IMPORTANT: In problems 10 – 13 the term set is used to mean a proper list of numbers and/or
symbols in which no atom occurs more than once. You may use MEMBER but not the functions
UNION, NUNION, REMOVE, DELETE, SET-DIFFERENCE, and SET-EXCLUSIVE-OR.
10. Define a recursive function SET-UNION such that if s1 and s2 are sets then (SET-UNION s1 s2)
is a set that contains the elements of s1 and the elements of s2, but no other elements. Thus
(SET-UNION ‘(A B C D) ‘(C E F)) should return a list consisting of the atoms A, B, C, D, E, and F
(in any order) in which no atom occurs more than once.
11. Define a recursive function SET-REMOVE such that if s is a set and x is an atom in s then
(SET-REMOVE x s) is a set that consists of all the elements of s except x, but if s is a set and
x is an atom which is not in s then (SET-REMOVE x s) returns a set that is equal to s.
In problems 12 and 13 you may use the function SET-REMOVE from problem 11.
12. Define a recursive function SET-EXCL-UNION such that if s1 and s2 are sets then
(SET-EXCL-UNION s1 s2) is a set that contains all those atoms that are elements of exactly one
of s1 and s2, but no other atoms. (SET-EXCL-UNION s1 s2) does not contain any atoms that are
neither in s1 nor in s2, and also does not contain the atoms that are in both of s1 and s2. For
example, (SET-EXCL-UNION ‘(A B C D) ‘(E C F G A)) should return a list consisting of the
atoms B, D, E, F, and G (in any order) in which no atom occurs more than once.
LISP Assignment 4: Page 5 of 5
13. Define a recursive function SINGLETONS such that if e is any list of numbers and/or symbols
then (SINGLETONS e) is a set that consists of all the atoms that occur just once in e.
Examples: (SINGLETONS ( )) => NIL (SINGLETONS ‘(G A B C B)) => (G A C)
(SINGLETONS ‘(H G A B C B)) => (H G A C) (SINGLETONS ‘(A G A B C B)) => (G C)
(SINGLETONS ‘(B G A B C B)) => (G A C) [Hint: When e is nonempty, consider the case in
which (car e) is a member of (cdr e), and the case in which (car e) is not a member of (cdr e).]
How to Submit
Important Note: If euclid unexpectedly goes down after 6 p.m. on the due date, there will be
no extension. Try to submit no later than noon on the due date, and much sooner if possible.
You may work with up to two other students on these problems. But, as stated on p. 3 of the
first-day announcements document, when two or three students work together each of them must
write up his or her solutions individually; no two students should submit identical files.
Put the function definitions you wrote for problems 1 – 13 in a single file named
your last name in lowercase-4.lsp
This file must include definitions of any helping functions that are used. At the beginning of the file
there must be a comment that shows your name and, if you are working with one or two partners,
the name(s) of your partner(s).
Within the file, your solution to each problem should be preceded by a comment of the
following form, where N is the problem number: ;;; Solution to Problem N
Your solutions should appear in the same order as the problems. If you cannot solve a problem,
put a comment of the form ;;; No Solution to Problem N Submitted where a
solution to that problem would have appeared.
To submit your solutions, leave a copy of your last name in lowercase-4.lsp in your home
directory on euclid no later than the due date. (If you are working on another machine and have
forgotten how to copy files to euclid, then re-read p. 3 of the Lisp Assignment 3 document.)
After leaving the file your last name in lowercase-4.lsp on euclid as explained above, login
to your euclid account and test your Lisp functions on euclid: Start Clisp by entering cl at the
euclid> prompt, enter (load “your last name in lowercase-4”) at Clisp’s > prompt, and then
call each of your functions with test arguments. Note that if euclid’s Clisp cannot even LOAD your
file without error (i.e., if LOAD gives a Break …> prompt) then you can expect to receive
no credit at all for your submission, even if the only error is a single missing or extra parenthesis!
Functions that are incorrectly named may receive no credit (e.g., if your solution to problem 3 is
named INCLIST-2 or INC-LIST2, you may well get no credit for that problem).
Do NOT open your submitted file in any editor on euclid after the due date, unless you are
(re)submitting a corrected version of your solutions as a late submission! Also do not execute
mv, chmod, or touch with your submitted file as an argument after the due date. (However, it is
OK to view a submitted file using the less file viewer after the due date.)
As mentioned on p. 3 of the first-day announcements document, you are required to keep a backup copy
of your submitted file on venus, and another copy elsewhere. You can enter the following two commands
on euclid to email a copy of your submitted file to yourself and to put a copy of the file on venus:
echo . | mailx -s “copy of submission” -a your last name in lowercase-4.lsp $USER
scp your last name in lowercase-4.lsp your venus username@149.4.211.180:
